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Classic text considers general theory of computability, computable functions, operations on computable functions, Turing machines self-applied, unsolvable decision problems, applications of general theory, mathematical logic, Kleene hierarchy, computable functionals, classification of unsolvable decision problems and more.
62) Model Theory
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English
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Model theory deals with a branch of mathematical logic showing connections between a formal language and its interpretations or models. This is the first and most successful textbook in logical model theory. Extensively updated and corrected in 1990 to accommodate developments in model theoretic methods - including classification theory and nonstandard analysis - the third edition added entirely new sections, exercises, and references. Each chapter...
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Perhaps this book will be understood only by someone who has himself already had the thoughts that are expressed in it-or at least similar thoughts.
-So it is not a textbook.
-Its purpose would be achieved if it gave pleasure to one person who read and understood it.
The book deals with the problems of philosophy, and shows, I believe, that the reason why these problems are posed is that the logic of our language is mis-understood. The whole sense...
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HarperCollins is proud to present its incredible range of best-loved, essential classics.
Despite dating from the 4th century BC, The Art of Rhetoric continues to be regarded by many as the single most important work on the art of persuasion. As democracy began emerging in 5th-century Athens, public speaking and debate became an increasingly important tool to garner influence in the assemblies, councils, and law courts of ancient Greece. In response...
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This edition includes a modern introduction and a list of suggested further reading. Before 1854 when George Boole published The Laws of Thought, the subject of 'logic' in the western world was entirely restricted to the study of the Aristotelian syllogism, which was as old as 384-322 BC. In this work, Boole introduces a sort of algebra of propositions with probability. Boole's logic forms the basis for present day Boolean Algebra, which in turn lies...
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Popular account ranges from counting to mathematical logic and covers the many mathematical concepts that relate to infinity: graphic representation of functions; pairings and other combinations; prime numbers; logarithms and circular functions; formulas, analytical geometry; infinite lines, complex numbers, expansion in the power series; metamathematics; more. 216 illustrations.
68) First Logic
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English
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First Logic is an introductory text covering numerous topics in logic. This third edition includes expanded exercise sets for all chapters, updated examples, and extended discussion of concepts such as inductive reasoning, truth trees, and natural deduction. Chapter one presents some of the core concepts of logic, including validity, soundness, argument recognition, and the distinctions between deduction and induction. Chapter two outlines some of...
69) Addendum
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These essays are on topics reflecting the intersection of science and humankind. They concern time, consciousness, beauty, probability, and understanding. They supplement and compliment my book Important Things We Don't Know (About Nearly Everything) and are presented here as an accompaniment to that book.
But, this volume can stand on its own.
For several years, I periodically updated Important Things. But, I decided to leave the last...
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In street culture you have people say that they are Real or Gangsta yet those are fallicies. At the end of the day it doesn't matter if you are a street person , hustler, or a average Joe it all comes down to being Solid. This book breaks down lessons to guide you in being just that.
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Time, Thought, and Vulnerability presents the results of an investigation of the conditions on which circumstanced which lie beyond the ken (let alone the control) of a reasoned, may jeopardize the validity of inferences whose correctness is supposed to be evaluable on a purely a priori basis. The discussion involves a careful examination of the ongoing debate about the transparency of mental content and the accessibility of the logical form of inferences....
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Deutsch
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In Metaphysik argumentiert Aristoteles (gegen Platons Annahme von abstrakten Entitäten) zunächst dafür, dass die konkreten Einzeldinge (wie Sokrates) die Substanzen, d.h. das Grundlegende aller Wirklichkeit sind. Dies ergänzt er um seine spätere Lehre, wonach die Substanz konkreter Einzeldinge ihre Form ist.
Aristoteles (384-322) gehört zu den bekanntesten und einflussreichsten Philosophen der Geschichte. Sein Lehrer war Platon, doch hat Aristoteles...
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Crisp, easy-to-understand lectures on logic.
30 Principles of Logic
Mathematical Logic
Trilingual Logic
101 Principles of Logic
Different kinds of Mathematical Functions: A Dialogue
Functions, Bijections and Mapping-relations
Logic and Formal Truth
Relations and Ordinal Numbers
Nine Kinds of Number
Causality
Analyticity
Is Mind an Emergent Property?
Is Time-travel Possible?
What is a Formal Language?
74) A Change of Mind
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This is an unusual book-in many respects. It's born out of a frustration teaching Critical Thinking courses over the years and feeling that the most interesting issues raised in those courses are typically either ignored altogether, or quickly brushed aside, by the 'normal' Critical Thinking text. The effect was that a Critical Thinking course was a smattering of Baby Logic, some very simple Intro to Statistics and Probability, add in the usual Informal...
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This entertaining and educational book applies the tools of critical thinking to identify the common features and trends among misinformation campaigns. With illustrations drawn from conspiracy theorists and deniers of every stripe, the author teaches readers how rumors are started, and the rhetorical techniques and logical fallacies often found in misleading or outright false claims. What distinguishes real conspiracies from conspiracy theories,...
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Español
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En los contrarios y la tensión entre ellos, constituyentes del ser humano, William Blake descubrió fuerzas poéticas o creativas; el hombre es la unidad en la que se integran el paraíso y el infierno, los dioses y todos los mundos. Gilbert Keith Ches terton hizo de las paradojas un método de investigación. Franz Kafka convirtió la paradoja en estética y el enigma en poder configurativo. Kurt Gödel transmutó paradojas lógicas en puntos de...
77) Ignes Fatui
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English
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In Ignes Fatui, Charles Thomas Taylor examines various misapprehensions and misconceptions that interfere with clear rational thought. The title of the book, a loanword from Medieval Latin, means "foolish fires"-lights that occasionally appear in the nighttime over marshy ground and are frequently attributable to the combination of gases emitted by decomposed organic matter. The term is sometimes used in modern times to suggest deceptive thoughts,...
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G. Polya (1887–1985) was one of the most influential mathematicians of the twentieth century. His basic research contributions span complex analysis, mathematical physics, probability theory, geometry, and combinatorics. He was a teacher par excellence who maintained a strong interest in pedagogical matters throughout his long career. Even after his retirement from Stanford University in 1953, he continued to lead an active mathematical life. He...
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This book identifies eight key mechanisms that can transform a set of ideas into a psychological flytrap. The author suggests that, like the black holes of outer space, from which nothing, not even light, can escape, our contemporary cultural landscape contains numerous intellectual black-holes-belief systems constructed in such a way that unwary passers-by can similarly find themselves drawn in. While such self-sealing bubbles of belief will most...
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Nontechnical essays on hypothesis in physical theory, concept of number, magnitude, force, intuition vs. logic, more. Chapters include "On the Nature of Mathematical Reasoning," "Mathematical Magnitude and Experiment," "Non-Euclidean Geometries," "Space and Geometry," "Experiment and Geometry," The Classical Mechanics," "Energy and Thermo-Dynamics," "Hypotheses in Physics," and "The Calculus of Probabilities."
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